Problems of veneer diseases in the present-day world.
Pyoderma - a pustular contagion caused by means of pyogenic bacteria (staphylococcus, streptococcus, etc.). Pyoderma is the most common diseases of the skin of any adulthood group. These comprehend folliculitis, sycosis vulgaris, furunculosis, carbuncles, hydradenitis, impetigo, and numerous others.
Fungal infections - fungal diseases caused by pathogenic fungi: pityriasis versicolor, epidermatofitiya groin, epidermatofitiya a close trichophytia, rubrofitiya, candidiasis, blastomycosis, etc.
Viral dermatoses caused not later than divergent viruses: herpes simplex and herpes, warts, molluscum contagiosum.
Confirmed communicable diseases: tuberculosis of the epidermis, leprosy, Lyme disease.
Parasitic diseases - a passably customary collection of skin diseases caused sooner than divers pathogens: mites - mange, demodicosis, lice - lice, leishmania - leishmaniasis of the skin.
Allergic - a categorize of skin diseases caused past an allergic fleece resistance to something. These comprise allergic dermatitis, toxicoderma, eczema, urticaria.
Neyrodermatozy - diseases caused on the whole before changes in the perturbed routine: itchy fell, atopic dermatitis, prurigo.
Psoriasis - the most stock lingering skin sickness that affects as nails and joints. The following types of psoriasis: an humdrum, exudative, seborrheic, palmoplantar, pustular, Erythrasma, arthropathic, erythrodermic psoriasis.
Wordy connective network condition characterized via lesions of connective pile file lupus erythematosus, scleroderma and dermatomyositis.
Autoimmune bullous dermatosis - a ailment, the solitary or chief morphological peculiarity of which is the bubble: pemphigus, bullous pemphigoid, dermatitis herpetiformis Duhring.
Angiitis of the crust (vasculitis) - dermatitis, characterized during nonspecific redness of blood vessels of varying degrees. There are polymorphous dermal vasculitis, purpura pigmentosa chronic, knotty angiitis.
Genodermatosis - a inheritable skin disease, manifested by diverse pathological processes in the skin: ichthyosis, keratoderma, bullous epidermolysis, Recklinghausen's disease.
Disorders of strip appendages (sebaceous glands, hair and nails) allow for seborrhea, and the virus developing as its consequences (eg, alopecia), acne of all kinds.
Dyschromia of the hide constitute a violation of its pigmentation, mostly caused by disorders of melanin pigment deposits.
On tumors of the film seborrheic keratoses are, cutaneous horn, keratoakantoma, precancer of the pellicle, basal room carcinoma, squamous carcinoma, melanoma, and fibroma.
Furunculosis (Latin furunculus ferment +-osis) - stafilodermiya, characterized by the regular appearance of new boils at assorted stages of progress in special parts of the body. As a result, the disease is defined as a long-standing relapsing inflammatory process.
The most customary sites of localization boils are the cover (the nose and cheeks), neck, shoulders, hips, buttocks. The bug mostly develops on areas of skin trauma, requite minutest, in the make of a distinct blurry, multiple foci are rare.
Predisposing factors are the same as that of a solitary boils (coating contamination, scratches, excessive drop of sweat and sebaceous glands, etc.), as successfully as the weakening of the vaccinated stature (insufficiency in neutrophil chemotaxis, hypogammaglobulinemia, immunodeficiency express in linking with thymoma, diabetes, etc ..) Moderately in many cases there are cases where furunculosis is a convolution of other shell diseases such as eczema or scabies.
Individual boils bring out as singular: on the abrade the waters grievous pustule appears splendid red in color, reaching 3-5 cm in diameter in the change of evolution, it begins to protrude exceeding the conical robust skin, forming a necrotic core. After 10-20 days, the autopsy is the pustule, accompanied close to copious purulent necrotic mass. The process ends with scarring of the hearth.
The inequality between separate furuncle and furunculosis is that the appearance of multiple boils may degenerate the serene: fever may appear, the passive complained of inexact weakness, headaches. Blood tests revealed leukocytosis, accelerated erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Practicable complications of the blight chiefly play when it is localized on the chief honcho (overlook), neck, meningitis, cerebral sinus thrombosis, sepsis.
Carbuncle - purulent-necrotic swelling of the few curls follicles, which join to cultivate a single provocative infiltrate. As per usual develops as a consequence of the unchanged factors that chafe (peel contamination, injury, immoderate secretion of stew glands, diabetes, etc.). The cancer is localized in the dermis and subcutaneous concatenation, the most reiterative duty of air formations - the back of the neck, shoulders, tochis and lower back.
Since the fervent proceeding involves a number of hair follicles, the carbuncle, in disparity to the boil, a scarcely any necrotic cores. Irritated integument is infinitely swells, becomes purplish-red and zealous to the touch. In parallel, there is deterioration of general condition of the patient: there is a fever (temperature may slope upwards to 40 degrees), vexation, nausea or vomiting, harsh spasm at the site of localization of sore, the dogged feels a general puniness, harm of appetite.
After a standard space revealed an red follicle, forming a sprinkling openings which are separated pyonecrotic selection. In its area remains a festering cancer plane superficially, which slowly heals (2-4 weeks), and leaves behind a savagely star-shaped scar.
Treatment of carbuncle has a sprinkling areas:
surgical dissection;
antibiotics and injections of antibiotics round the localization of inflammation (in the near the start stages of expansion), the reception of detoxifying;
UHF;
also appointed through proteolytic enzymes, disinfectants, and ointments epiteliziruyutsya (levomikol, baktroban, TOMICID).
Fungal infections (dermatomycosis syn.) a assembly of diseases of the coat and its appendages (plaits and nails) caused by pathogenic fungi of distinctive genera. They garrison a substantial order quantity the mycoses.
Among the fungal diseases should prefer to identified a billion of groups: tinea, keratomikozy, candidiasis, and a union of called past comprehension mycoses. It also includes a body of psevdomikozov, agents which invade an intermediate status between fungi and bacteria.
The most conventional integument diseases caused by fungi, are dermatofii, agents which - trihofiton fungi, and mikrosporumy epidermofiton. These incorporate husk diseases eidermofitiya stop rubrofitiya, trichophytia, crusted ringworm. The most garden of them tinea pedis - athlete's foot and rubrofitiya. Typically caused by red trihofitonom, they can abuse not at worst the hide of the feet and nails, and other healthy areas of the skin. Factors contributing to the development of fungal feet, are breaches of the rules of intimate hygiene, sanitary-epidemic order in basins, showers, etc., where the mushrooms can be big on weak surfaces, in putrescent waters.
Less general keratomikozy - fungal diseases affecting merely the surface areas of the vein corneum of the epidermis, or cuticle hair. Entirety the distinguished keratomikozov pityriasis versicolor, trihosporiyu nodosum.
The overthrow of the graze, nails and hardy b cold ridges observed in the candidiasis - a murrain caused alongside fungi of the genus Candida. Infection occurs past them in heterogeneous ways, including the increase of candidiasis is practical with irrational abhor of antibiotics, corticosteroids and other drugs, best to dysbacteriosis.
The weighty mycoses in Europe are rare - they are distinctive of Africa, South America. Infection occurs when skin microtraumas. On the strip, there are sundry bumps, knots, are apt to ulceration. The risk of knowledgeable fungal infections is that they touch the deeper layers of shell, subcutaneous interweaving, underlying muscles and even bones and internal organs and habitually leads to death.
Treatment of fungal diseases is carried absent from using antifungal agents: ointments, creams and solutions (clotrimazole, terbinafine, lotseril, mikoseptin, nystatin, nitrofungin, etc.) and tablets (Lamisil, levorin, Nizoral, Nystatin, Orungal, etc.). If clench fungus is sometimes required surgery - removal of diseased nail.
Wart - a viral dermatosis caused by contrastive types of considerate papillomavirus (HPV).
There are several types of warts, depending on the typewrite of agent: vulgaris (overused) are caused by pathogens of HPV-2 and HPV-3, plantar - agents of HPV-1, HPV-2, HPV-4, the firm - the causative instrument of HPV-3, spiky - agents of HPV -6, HPV-11.
Conventional (tasteless) education are usually observed in minority and adolescence. They look like pimples incorporate pinkish-gray in color with a strongly thickened, ungracious pave, whose dimensions vary from 1 mm to 1 cm in diameter. Most commonly they are placed in the hands (the fingers).
Unmodified warts are found by in children and babyish adults. They are a multiple curvilinear or oval papules color with a silky surface, reaching 1-3 mm in diameter. Normally located on the fa‡ade, neck, coffer, dorsum of hands, can be located linearly, lose above the unchanging of healthy skin.
Plantar can arise at any age, they enliven the manifestation of micro a stop to excessive sweating (hyperhidrosis) feet. This is for the most part multiple, definite, steady to the rival with the formation of a wallop surface. Some of them quickly painful, particularly those in the field of lean on during walking.
Genital warts are considered to be diseases, sexually transmitted infections. They are located in the mucous membranes and set forth the elements of the nodules, resembling a cock's comb.
Diagnosis of warts is carried free on clinical grounds without difficulty.
Molluscum contagiosum - a viral infection dermatosis.
The causative representative of molluscum contagiosum is a virus pathogenic in search humans. The virus is transmitted by handle in (including earthy) and including the expend of stereotyped items (washcloths, sponges, towels, etc.). The illness is more common in preschool children. In persons of midst and ancient age blight provoking factors are long-term treatment of corticosteroids and cytostatics. Now the murrain is accompanied by HIV infection or other diseases, sexually transmitted infections, as an indirect hint of them.
The incubation while is 2 weeks - 2-3 months. The disease is manifested by way of the advent of the coating percipience of the virus in places, brilliant, translucent nodules of pink or grayish-yellow color. The amount of such nodules ranges from individual mm to 1 cm in the center of the locale detected a built indentation. When you click on an ingredient from the deepening of the central allocation is whitish anaemic mass.
The integer of emerged nodules may be different: solitary select most located on the impudence, neck, recoil from of hands; multiple can be localized anywhere on the coating and grouped into peewee pockets. In the prove of the virus into the cadaver through physical get in touch with molluscum contagiosum time after time localized to the pubic neighbourhood, genitals, inner thighs. In some patients, the elements be prone to unite, transforming into a hefty tumor-like formations with harsh edges - the ostensible "giantess clam".
If untreated, some elements of molluscum contagiosum can become extinct on their own, but the simultaneous surfacing of new elements in the previously affected areas of skin.
Psoriasis (psoriasis vulgaris), Bullous pemphigoid - a dyed in the wool condition of the graze, nails and joints, characterized near the show on the hide monomorphic rash. The eczema is a flat papules of numerous sizes that tend to amalgamate into large pink-red plaques with silvery scales covering white.
At the point in time it is entire of the most common chronic diseases of the skin. It is suggested that psoriasis is diseased not one the incrustation, nails and joints, but also some internal organs (eg kidneys). However, this picture is not scientifically proven.
There are several theories with regard to the launching of the affliction: viral, genetic (genetic predisposition to increased chamber growth), neurogenic (predisposition of the nervous method) and others.
In psoriatic skin revealed acanthosis and papillomatosis on the nose sharply, natural of parakeratosis. Thinned epidermis, consists of two or three rows of cells. In the basal layers of the epidermis and the knotty mitoses found in the papillary dermis - the dilatation of capillaries, the riotous infiltrate.
The evolvement of the bug is characterized by a medley of start: the ailment can start almost unnoted through the patient with the mien of multiple papules and may substantiate rapid spread of the fell to the casual observer scars. The infirmity is caused by the seasons: thus, the most familiar "winter" genus with exacerbations during the cold ready, at least - "summer". Also, sometimes there is a mixed category of exacerbation which stand up at any someday of year.
There are a number of forms of the disease: psoriasis fair exudative, pustular, seborrheic, hand-foot, arthropathic, psoriatic erythroderma.
Dermatitis - graze lesions of an fomenting personality, resulting from man weight on it. There are simple and allergic veneer lesions.
The manifestation of elementary dermatitis occurs when exposed to bind stimulus: chemicals (acids, alkalis), real striking (maximum or low temperatures - a fritter away or frostbite, emission, unconscious pressure, galvanizing advised, etc.). The passionate process develops in the pelt at the instal is strictly stimulus effects, and its ruthlessness depends on the zeal and uncovering ease stimulus, as well as the properties of the fleece and the localization of provocative lesions. There are three stages of the complaint: erythematous, vesicular-bullous and necrotic. If adverse effects on the pellicle is constantly, you might congestive erythema, infiltration and desquamation of the skin.
A austere appear occurs closely after disclosure to the stimulus, ie develops without the incubation period. The only exceptions are burns, frostbite, prominently areas of excoriate, a clinical picture that pulchritudinous hard.
Atopic dermatitis develops as an allergic reaction of delayed group to the stimulus. Allergens are usually chemical substances (detergents, chromium, nickel, insecticides), medication (sintomitsinovaja emulsion and other ointments, which are present in the antibiotics) and cosmetics (eg hair dyes).
The clinical double of allergic nature of the disease is as follows: the peel reddens without the establishment of sharp boundaries and swells, it formed microvesicles, hemispherical blisters with apprehensible or dim purport, which at the launch of leaving behind a weeping mikroerozii, scales, crusts.
The clinical image of atopic dermatitis differs from the plain fact that the elementary affects the shell, not single on the effects of stimulus location, but also extends beyond its effects. As regards model, the effects of an allergic reaction to poor mark ink can spread on the go up against, neck and even chest. Egocentric feelings of the passive is most instances characterized by a undisguised itching.
Itching - a health circumstances in which the phenomenon of talented matter are changes in the tense system. Itching - the instinct that causes the necessity to comb the skin. Presumably, this identification of affliction, but in modified manifestation, which occurs when a chicken stimulation of cutaneous guts endings responsible recompense cramp perception. Some scholars have identified in mortal skin-specific receptors that glimpse an itch.
There are two types of pruritus:
physiological arising bites and crawling insects on the skin;
pathology that occurs in diseases.
The causes of itching are a heterogeneity of pathological lesions of the upset plan, digestive pattern, diseases of the endocrine essence (diabetes), metabolic disorders (atherosclerosis), and pernicious diseases of internal organs, blood, toxemia of pregnancy, worm infestation, a party of skin diseases (eczema, atopic dermatitis, a red lichen planus, scabies, etc.). In stable pelt diseases, itching is their however clinical manifestation. The pathogenesis of pruritus was not significantly intentional, but it is known that in its establishment involves neural, humoral, vascular mechanisms.
There are generalized and localized itching.
Generalized pruritus is characterized nearby paroxysmal, his seizures regularly crop up in the evening and unendingly time. Is intolerable morality, so much a off one's rocker skin brushing, plucking the epidermis. Scratches are linear or punctually character. In some cases, there is a generalized itching all the time.
Categorize the following subtypes of generalized itching: old, high-altitude, solar (light). An antediluvian fetter appears in the along in years (beyond 60) and is correct to involutional (presenile) processes in the main part including the skin. High-rise is observed when people rise to a summit of once again 7000 m greater than perplexed level, it arises as a result of stimulation of baroreceptors. Sun is due to prolonged photosensitivity.
A localized tickle is characterized sooner than small, it commonly occurs in the anus, foreign genitalia. Etiologic factors such forms are itching long-lived swelling in the pelvic organs (prostate, adnexitis, etc.), helminth infection, trichomoniasis, enzymatic disorders of the mucous membrane of the rectum, genital changes that strike in menopause. Continued fact of itching can entice to complications in the erect of accession pyococcus infection candidiasis.
In patients with localized fleece ulcers observed irritability, sleep disturbance muscle, dying of appetite.
Atopic dermatitis - a lasting overlay bug of inflammatory constitution, which is characterized before the appearance of erythematous-lichenoid lesions are tending to mergers and the crystallization of foci of papular infiltration and morphological changes of the husk (its seal, a disregarding of the figure).
There are two types of neurodermatitis: meagre and limited. About is an allergic answer to the stimulus. It can cause ruined nutrition, intoxication, impaired functioning of the internal organs (liver, craving, kidney), the centers of other chronic infections, as grandly as important disorders of the dominant worked up system, autonomic organized whole, disorders of the endocrine kind (eg, impaired functioning of the pituitary-adrenal axis). The pre-eminent role in the event of this disease are disorders of the excitable and endocrine systems. It can hit at any age.
The ranking warning sign is the show of dispel neurodermatitis papules pale pink, subjectively characterized alongside itching. Papules care for to blend into unceasing lesions with ensuing lichenification of the skin. Such centers large are located on the flexor surfaces of the extremities - elbows, knees, wrists, and on the lateral surfaces of the skin. Other changes in the pelt occur on the dial, back and thorax ' on the pellicle appear pink erythema, with no perceptibly boundaries and characterized past lightly made desquamation. The tenacious complains of constantly growing itching, scratching causes the lesion sites microtraumas, cracks, color changes in guaranteed areas of the coating, itchy and darned glowing about a tough panel, looks like polished. Because scratching can league with pyococcus infection. The fleece becomes waterless, going gray.
The patient observed the following clinical symptoms: sleep intrusion, appetite disadvantage, hypotension, Ringworm (disease), soft spot, lethargy, hypoglycemia, etc. The sedulous becomes prickly, tearful, perhaps lowering of band weight.
The disability is characterized by a prolonged circuit with a germane of infection subsided during the summer months. Perchance the gaining headway of this condition until the erythroderma. This may be owing to an unfavorable lecture of the disease, indelicate treatment, is an irritant to the skin.
Slim neurodermatitis affects narrow areas of the veneer, the most frequent localization - nurse and side of the neck, the incrustation 'round the ankles, in the genital area. Lesions in the meagre constitute are divided into three zones:
center, the predominating put into the limelight of which is lichenification of the skin;
Abject - that limit of the pellicle, which become visible bright papular rash of peewee size;
unessential, characterized via hyperpigmentation of the skin.
Seborrhea - a cancer characterized beside enhanced leakage of the sebaceous glands, as successfully as changes in the chemical make-up of sebum.
The etiology of seborrhea is not unclear. Changing the chemical compound of sebum leads to the check of bactericidal properties of sebum. As a upshot, the healthy microflora of the overlay is transformed into pathogenic. The disorder of secretion of sebaceous glands are usually caused by an imbalance between estrogen and androgen hormones in the running of the latter. Most often this occurs at the epoch of 14-25 years.
Histologically, this disease are observed hyperkeratosis, sebaceous gland hypertrophy, infiltration all coat appendages and blood vessels. Hypertrophy of the sebaceous glands caused by proscription of the option sebaceous escape that occurs as a result of enhanced keratinization.
The most numerous sites of localization are those seborrhea coating, where there are the greatest million of sebaceous glands - the audacity, scalp, caddy and back. There are three forms of it: a thick (thick and liquid), and droll blended.
If there is a chock-full oily seal and reduced suppleness of the coating, which becomes brownish-grayish color. Then a clogged sebaceous gland epithelial cells rejected impregnated with sebum, - there is a comedo. If the comedo squash doused of the excretory duct of the sebaceous glands pass a crawling congeries of tallow. The ringlets in this way of the cancer mature churlish, tough. Complications - boils, abscesses, and folliculitis.
The fluent comprise is characterized by fatty losneniem abrade pores greatly expanded, including lots of sebum released. The plaits of the noggin look like oiled, are glued to individual strands, they detected a corpulent numeral of yellowish scales; viable alopecia. Extent the complications cast folliculitis, boils, sycosis, impetigo.
Shrink seborrhea different reduced excretion of wealthy, luxuriant illusion on the scalp and whisker, horny scales. The scales play, as a rule, or the whole dome, or in the occipital-parietal region, and they are easily separated and in to the clothes. Hair's breadth becomes dreary and brittle. In this quintessence of disease on the lamina enter into the picture pink or reddish spots, which can be seen on the surface of numberless matter-of-fact scales - seboreidy.
The boring look of the illness is accompanied by means of egocentric sensations: patients wail of a ambiance of tightening of the skin, tingling, notably growing after washing with hibernal water. Adulterated seborrhea is characterized beside enhanced excretion of sebaceous in the forehead, nose and chin (T-zone) and moistureless incrustation on the cheeks. On the scalp, increased excretion of loaded was observed exclusively in the frontal and parietal regions.
